What government entities are primarily responsible for shaping foreign policy?

The correct answer revolves around the foundational structure of the U.S. government and its roles in shaping foreign policy. The Executive Branch, led by the President, plays a significant role in directing foreign policy through the establishment of diplomatic relations, making treaties (with Senate approval), and applying various tools of foreign relations, such as trade agreements and sanctions. The President is often seen as the primary architect of foreign policy, with the ability to set agendas and respond to international events.

Congress, on the other hand, influences foreign policy in several critical ways. It holds the power to declare war, ratify treaties, regulate commerce with foreign nations, and appropriate funds necessary for foreign affairs. This legislative oversight and collaborative role ensure that foreign policy reflects both the administration’s goals and the will of elected representatives.

In combination, the Executive Branch and Congress create a system of checks and balances that addresses both the need for swift action in international affairs and the necessity of legislative scrutiny, making them the primary entities responsible for the development and implementation of U.S. foreign policy.

The other options listed do not hold the same direct influence over foreign policy. The Judicial Branch, while vital in interpreting the law, typically does not engage in the formulation of foreign policy. The Federal Reserve and