What role does Congress play in relation to the Supreme Court?

Congress plays a vital role in relation to the Supreme Court primarily through its powers to confirm justices and initiate amendments to the Constitution. When a president nominates a candidate for the Supreme Court, the Senate, which is part of Congress, has the authority to confirm or reject that nomination. This confirmation process is significant because it ensures a system of checks and balances, allowing Congress to influence the composition and direction of the Court.

Additionally, Congress has the power to propose amendments to the Constitution. If the Supreme Court interprets the Constitution in a way that Congress finds objectionable, Congress can respond by proposing an amendment to alter the Constitution or its interpretation. This ability to amend the Constitution is a fundamental check on judicial power, ensuring that legislative action can effectively address perceived judicial overreach or changes in the societal context.

The other options do not accurately represent the relationship between Congress and the Supreme Court. For example, Congress does not make decisions on Supreme Court cases, appoint the Chief Justice directly, or vote on all court rulings. Instead, the roles and interactions are clearly defined in the Constitution, ensuring that while Congress has significant influence, its powers operate within a distinct framework.