Which power is unique to federal courts?

Federal courts have the unique power to interpret the law and assess its constitutionality, a fundamental aspect of the judicial branch established by the Constitution. This power stems from the principle of judicial review, which allows courts to evaluate whether laws enacted by Congress or state legislatures comply with the Constitution. This mechanism is crucial in ensuring that no law or executive action can stand if it infringes upon constitutional rights or principles.

Judicial review is a critical check on legislative and executive powers, allowing the judiciary to play an essential role in maintaining the rule of law. While state courts may also interpret laws and assess their compliance with both state constitutions and, in some cases, federal statutes, only federal courts have the authority to interpret federal laws and the Constitution at a national level. This establishes a clear distinction in the scope and jurisdiction of federal courts compared to their state counterparts.

States cannot appoint federal judges, nor can they overrule interpretations of federal law by federal courts. Therefore, the unique power of federal courts to interpret the Constitution and federal laws underlines their significant role in the American legal system and underscores the balance of powers among the branches of government.